The Dodecanese Islands are the islands between Samos, Crete and the coast of Asia Minor. These are: Rhodes, Kos, Kalymnos, Karpathos, Leros, Symi, Patmos, Astypalea, Nisyros, Kasos, Tilos, Lipsi, Chalki, Kastelorizo aka Megisti, Agathonisi.

In 1912 their population was 143.482, of which 131.332 were Greek citizens. According to the 2001 census the population is now 190.071 on a 2.579,275m2 expanse. The Dodecanese prefecture also includes numerous small islands such as Alimia, Pserimos, Arki, Levitha, Saria, Syrna, Gyali, Nimos, Telendos, and Farmakonisi.

Other small islands are those of Makry, China, Agia Kyriaki, Avgo, Glyno, Zaforas, Kounoupoi, Koutsomyti, Mesonisi, Ofidousa, Plakida, Pontikousa, Stefania, Fokionisia, Chondro, Chondronisi, Imia, Kalavros, Kalolimnos, Mavropinaki, Nera, Plati, Safonidi, Chteni, Armathia, Makronisi, Fragkos, Archagelos, Velona, Glaros, Kinaros, Mavra, Megalo Livadi, Piganousa, Plaka, Strogyli, Tripiti, Agios Georgios, Agrielea, Mavro Pini, Polyfados, Ro, Strogyli, Psomi, Poradia, Kandelioussa, Agios Antonios, Pachia, Pergousa, Agathonisi, Agrelousa, Anydro, Kalovolos, Komaros, Marathos, Tragonisi, Chiliomodi, Gialesino, Diavates, Kouloundros, Marmaras, Sesklion, Chondros, Gaidaros, Antitilos, Agios Theodoros, Krevatia, Maelonisi, Tragousa, Kouneli, Psathonisio, Astakida, Astakidopoulo, Divounia, Chamili. In October 2006 the populated islands of the Dodecanese were 27.